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Verifiable answers to the questions that come up when you look for information about water, hydration and regulation. Neutral tone, cited sources, no promises.
Published articles
What a novel food is under European law
Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 defines novel foods by reference to consumption in the Union before 15 May 1997. A novel food may be placed on the market only if it appears on the Union list.
Alkaline water and hydrogen-enriched water: what sets them apart
Alkaline water is defined by pH, hydrogen-enriched water by the amount of dissolved molecular hydrogen. They are different quantities, often confused because electrolysis changes both.
How much water per day: the EFSA reference values
EFSA set reference values for total water intake: 2.0 litres a day for women and 2.5 litres a day for men, including water from beverages and from food.
How to check a commercial claim about water
Four checks that separate a lawful claim from one that should not exist: the list of authorised claims, the condition of use, the rule on non-specific claims and the misleading-information test.
What Directive (EU) 2019/904 says about single-use plastics
Directive (EU) 2019/904 regulates single-use plastic products through bans, design requirements, separate collection targets and information duties, with waste prevention as the priority.
The only health claim authorised in the EU for water
In the European Union there is a single authorised health claim for water: it contributes to the maintenance of normal physical and cognitive functions, at a daily intake of at least 2 litres from all sources.
Articles in this section cite only open, verified sources: European acts identified by CELEX number and published scientific opinions. We make no unauthorised health claims.
